We found that compared to BNF, OCNF can be detected at lower clinical stage by using indexes, such as NLR and LRINEC score, besides clinical findings, which may help contributing to patient’s relief.īackground The temple has been identified as one of the most compelling facial regions in which to seek aesthetic improvement-both locally and in the entire face-when injecting soft tissue fillers. The OCNF group had significantly higher inflammatory markers than the BNF group when diagnosis, but significantly lower clinical stages at the time and mortality as outcomes. During the same period, 17 patients had BNF. Multivariate analyses of OCSI patients showed that NLR ≥15.3 and LRINEC score ≥6 points were significantly related to OCNF. In the present study, 14 out of 231 OCSI patients had OCNF. Next, the differences between OCNF and BNF, including inflammatory markers and mortality, were investigated.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of OCNF by comparing it with severe cellulitis of oro-cervical region (OCSC) or NF of other body regions (e.g., limb, perineum, and trunk) (BNF), respectively.Īt first, various risk factors for OCNF in oro-cervical severe infection (OCSI composed of OCNF and OCSC), including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis (LRINEC) score, were investigated by univariate and multivariate analyses. Therefore, the details of oro-cervical NF (OCNF) are not well known. Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is an acute and life-threatening soft-tissue infection however rarely seen in oro-cervical region. Fascia is thus at the forefront of tissue pathology and a better understanding of how it is mobilized may crystallize our view of wound healing alterations during aging, diabetes, and fibrous disease and create novel therapeutic strategies for wound repair. In this review, we discuss the link between the fascia’s unique tissue anatomy, composition, biomechanical, and rheologic properties to its ability to mobilize its tissue assemblage.
BODY MASS INDEX CALCULATOR WITH AGE AND GENDER SKIN
These observations suggest that the factors directly affecting fascial mobility are responsible for chronic skin wounds and excessive skin scarring. Fascial mobilization assembles diverse cell types and matrix components needed for rapid wound repair. Recent findings from mouse attribute wound healing to physical mobilization of a fibroelastic connective tissue layer that resides beneath the skin, termed subcutaneous fascia or superficial fascia, into sites of injury. Mammals rapidly heal wounds through fibrous connective tissue build up and tissue contraction. A formula was developed to estimate the thickness of the superficial fatty layer based on the targeted region, age, gender, and body mass index of the patient: Thickness of superficial fatty layer (mm): Region constant + (XX* BMI) - (YY*Age).ĬONCLUSIONS: Injections of biostimulators deeper than the calculated values might result in reduced efficacy as the superficial fascial system is not targeted and the effected collagen neogenesis does not affect the skin surface. RESULTS: Mean thickness of the superficial fatty layer is variable between the different locations investigated with smallest values for the lateral neck of 3.71mm ± 0.55 and greatest values for the gluteal region with 20.52mm☑0.07. The distance between skin surface and the superficial fascia was measured via ultrasound in the buccal region, premasseteric region, the lateral neck, posterior arm, abdomen, buttocks, anterior thigh, medial thigh, and posterior thigh. METHODS: 150 Caucasian individuals (75 males and 75 females) were investigated with a balanced distribution of age (n=30 per decade: 20–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, and 60–69 years) and body mass index (n=50 per group: BMI≤24.9kg/m2, BMI between 25.0 and 29.9kg/m2 BMI≥30kg/m2). The present study was designed to develop a formula that helps to guide health care providers injecting biostimulators into the correct plane to enhance effectiveness and longevity by targeting precisely the superficial fascial system. BACKGROUND: Injections of biostimulator agents are increasing in popularity as an alternative to surgical or energy-based skin tightening procedures.
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